How two chapters of Great Expectations reflect the influence of society :: Great Expectations Essays

How two parts of Great Expectations mirror the impact of society in the time it was set. Charles Dickens is one of the most mainstream British authors in the history of writing with huge numbers of his characters being perceived in English society today. His capacity to join feeling, satire, and most of all, his social parody has won him numerous contemporary perusers. Dickens was conceived in Portsmouth in 1812. At 12 he was sent to work for a couple of months at a shoe-clean stockroom on the banks of the Thames at the point when his family hit budgetary trouble. A couple of days after the fact Dickens' father was sent to prison for obligation. He reviewed this excruciating experience in the early sections of David Copperfield. While his dad was detained, all his family with the exception of himself and his sister, who was considering music, remained at the Marshalsea Prison with his dad, very much like the Dorrit family toward the start of Little Dorrit. By the time he was 25 years of age, Dickens was at that point well known. Dickens' life impacted his composing a ton, and a significant number of the books he composed depended on genuine encounters during his lifetime. For instance; in 1832 he met Marie Beadnell and needed to wed her yet she dismissed him; the comic representation of Flora Casby in Little Dorrit is said to have been motivated by Dickens' gathering with Maria again later in life. Dickens lived in Victorian occasions, times when there was a ton of core interest on social class and status. Victorian culture was, for all the change that was occurring, a defined, various leveled society with an incredible hole among rich and poor. In his youth Dickens was a piece of a common laborers family who before long turned out to be low class due to their monetary trouble. Yet, when he turned into a grown-up he was of high social class while his books continued expanding in ubiquity and was gaining him cash constantly. Dickens had been from one finish of society to the other and the complexity he saw was generally communicated in his books. Victorian culture had a continually developing urban populace, and with the cynical investigations of Thomas Malthus, this helped shape one of the most famous Victorian foundations, the workhouse. This was in view of a hypothetical qualification between the meriting poor, who owed their neediness to setback, and the undeserving poor, who were to fault for their neediness: the workhouse was made as horrendous as conceivable to deflect the last from looking for asylum there. Thrifty what's more, unfeeling organization exacerbated the foundations even, and the focus of the absolute bitterest dubious writing of Charles Dickens. Conditions step by step improved, yet the feared workhouse

Dialogue Example free essay sample

There are such a significant number of things at the forefront of my thoughts! † Stephanie stood up from the corroded old seat while she cleaned the spilled milk on the table. â€Å"Yeah, I know. Today was just†¦ terrible! I can’t accept this occurred! † She moaned. â€Å"I needed to go home and every one of my understudies were so cheerful. Amusing, huh? How somebody’s bliss can be founded on someone else’s torment. † he stated, attempting to hinder all the recollections of the day. â€Å"I know it’s difficult Gabriel! I was there recollect? I was leaving Mary at school, when I got that feared call. † â€Å"And I additionally can’t trust you took her with you to the police headquarters! † Gabriel stated, critically. â€Å"What would i say i should do? † she addressed protectively. â€Å"I didn’t plan for this; I had no place to leave her! † Stephanie started to move toward her significant other, who was lost in his considerations. We will compose a custom exposition test on Discourse Example or then again any comparative subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page â€Å"Poor kid, must be enduring as much as us. † He looked straight into Stephanie’s eyes and murmured, â€Å"I don’t realize how to disclose to her what occurred, I don’t comprehend what to state. † â€Å"She heard and saw enough today. Stephanie said while laying her head on his shoulder, â€Å"I think she’s so solid and develop for her age. † â€Å"I wish I could state the equivalent for her sibling. Do you think he’s right? Would he be able to be coming clean with us for once? †Gabriel mumbled, to some degree embarrassed, bowing his head. â€Å"You heard what the police said! † she reacted furiously. â€Å"Evidence is clear and we can't fix this! † Stephanie contacted her hand out towards Gabriel’s shoulder. Gabriel grasped her hand and put it in his. â€Å"This resembles an endless bad dream. How are we going to confront this? You realize how individuals are going to †¦Ã¢â‚¬  The moderately aged man’s face dropped to their held hands. Hello! † Stephanie cried, â€Å"our family is a higher priority than individuals! Don’t turn this about you. † â€Å"What would you say you are discussing? Obviously it’s about me! It’s additionally about you! It’s our family for the love of all that is pure and holy! † Gabriel cleaned the tears from her sensitive torn face. â€Å"Yes, our family. Our family†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Stephanie pulled away from Gabriel, gazing at the photos of her folks. â€Å"How am I ever, going to tell my mom? You realize this wi ll make her extremely upset. † â€Å"I think this’ll be the hardest thing of for the two of us. Indeed, other than visiting our child just once per week. Ha! † Gabriel frowned. I don’t need to see my child like that Gabriel. What parent does? † Stephanie asked, presently pacing to and fro. â€Å"The kind that don’t have another decision. † He turned upward and said. â€Å"The kind that cherishes the kid they raised to do great, yet got diverted the way. The sort who’ll bolster the child who’s now developed and committed errors, yet at the same time continue considering him a kid when he’s a quarter century old. † After a couple of moments of considering information exchanged, Stephanie asked; â€Å"Are we awful guardians, Gabe? † She currently had a genuine look on her eyes. â€Å"What have we done so off-base, that our youngster is presently considered†¦ a crook? â€Å"We’re giving a valiant effort, love. We don’t nee d to scrutinize our child rearing! We have to approach God for his motivation in the entirety of this. Possibly Eliud needs to experience this to become familiar with his exercise. † Gabriel stated, while holding Stephanie’s hands. â€Å" I can’t accept you’re discussing God at a time this way. † She dropped her hands from his in a turn development and said; â€Å"Our child has been guided through the correct way. He has been instructed with quite a few devices, love, support and even material things have never stopped. Presently would be a really decent time for Him to appear, don’t you think? â€Å"We are discussing the God who separated the Red Sea, the God that sent his lone child so we could have life in bounty. A similar God that gave us Eliud and Mary, when the specialists said otherwise,† Gabriel accentuated, holding her nearby; â€Å"He will make a way Stephanie. † â€Å"Okay, I realize He will. It’s so hard not to question when all you see is the dull passage with no chance to get out. Our child Gabe, a criminal, a junkie†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Stephanie now, doused of feeling, cried on Gabriel’s chest. â€Å"In the mean time†¦ I love you, and we will tra verse this, with His assistance. † They both cried, while a brilliant light got through the kitchen window.

My Teacher, My Hero Essay

Instructing is an alternative. Sainthood is an inclination. Gallantry is a decision. Have you at any point thought about what a genuine saint resembles? At the point when individuals state legend, they as a rule consider animation characters like Superman, Spiderman, or SpongeBob. On the off chance that you mean a saint in animation or films, at that point somebody who is the most grounded individual around who needs to bring harmony and equity. Legends dislike genuine superheroes, individuals who could fly, who could hold a vehicle utilizing their pointer, not by any means battling scalawags for sparing the world. At that point, what is a saint? When discussing saints, they’re the person who fortify you, the person who are next to you at whatever point you’re down on the grounds that they are there to lift you up. Your saint can be your mother, father, sibling, sister, a companion or it tends to be your instructor. Indeed, an educator for me is doubtlessly a legend since they do loads of things just to do their works. An instructor is like a saint for certain reasons. Uproarious understudies, exercise plans, huge amounts of paper works, piles of test papers †these are every one of the a piece of a teacher’s work. Regardless of the requesting circumstances and extended periods of time of work, instructors of today continue on and suffer, perceiving the critical job they play in embellishment the brains of things to come ages. As the unrecognized country manufacturers, they plant seeds of data and guarantee the all encompassing development of their understudies. They discover time to oversee and deal with the class; they fill in as the student’s second parent. They form the youthful personalities to turn into the nation’s expectation and extraordinary resource. Instructors produce enthusiasm for subjects that understudies regularly find monotonous. Awakening understudies from their lack of care and viewing their interest develop is a mammoth prize for them. <p

Postmodernism Metafiction - Free Essay Example

In the novel, The Things They Carried, Tim OBrien uses various techniques of postmodernism and metafiction to achieve distinct rhetorical goals. Postmodernism is literature characterized by heavy reliance on techniques such as fragmentation, paradox, and questionable narrations. Metafiction is the literary term describing fictional writing that self-consciously and systematically draws attention to its status as an artifact in posing questions about the relationship between fiction and reality. Metafiction does not let the reader forget that he or she is reading a fictional work. The use of postmodernism and metafiction helps us experience how Tim O’Brien felt while writing this novel. In this novel the techniques conveyed by postmodernism are fragmentation, paradox, and questionable narrations. A paradox is an effective literary tool because it evokes a thought process for the reader. The reader has to process what is being said to find the authors intended meaning. A paradox causes the readers to think outside the box and challenge themselves to uncover a deeper meaning from the text. This literary tool serves a worthy purpose, because it compels readers to really become involved in their reading. In chapter 4, The Rainy River, the paradox is between bravery and cowardice. O’Brien, tells a story about how he was an anti-war activist. He was then drafted. He was shocked and frustrated, and waffled between running away to Canada to avoid the draft and simply going. He does not want to disgrace his family, but neither does he want to go to war. He says, I survived, but its not a happy ending. I was a coward. I went to war (244). The paradox here is that he went to war, which is an act of bravery but he called it an act of cowardice. He considered it to be cowardly because he wimped out of leaving the country and sidestepping the draft. He chose to conform and go to war so his family isnt ashamed. O’Brien uses fragmentation throughout the novel to connect the readers to his experiences and emotions. Fragmentation was utilized essentially all through the entire novel but it was commonly used in the chapters called, Spin, The Thing They Carried, and How to Tell a True War Story. For example, O’Brien talks about Curt Lemon’s death in fragments to express the true emotions he felt at the time. This helps us understand the respect and love that O’Brien and Lemon had for each other.

What Are The Principles Of Enviromental Health - 3528 Words

LIBERTY UNIVERSITY POPULATION GROWTH IN UNDERDEVELOPED NATIONS DR. SARA LONGAN HLTH 505 PRINCIPLES OF ENVIROMENTAL HEALTH BY MARIAMA NABIE FAIRFAX, VA DECEMBER, 13, 2014 Table of Content Abstract -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Introduction--------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Background---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Current Research Efforts and Discussions-------------------------------------------- References------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Abstract Overpopulation has greatly impacted the global environment. The†¦show more content†¦In recent years, humanity has begun questioning our industrial advancement and their effects on not only our environment, but our bodily health. Temperatures have been rising to the point that scientist are claiming that New York City could become the modern Atlantis and of course the glaciers are melting. Protecting the environment and our primary forest â€Å"play a well-known, important role in protecting biodiversity and absorbing carbon dioxide emissions† (Kahn, 2011)2. As we continue to take up more land, we are pushing out the original species of that environment out, and they in turn are doing what any self-respecting species would do, try to kill of the competition as they know best. Introduction The cries of a new born child, is cause for a joyous celebration and glorification of the wonders and blessings that only God can bring. Psalm27: 3-5 states that â€Å"Children are a heritage from the Lord, offspring a reward from him. Like arrows in the hands of a warrior are children born in one’s youth. Blessed is the man whose quiver is full of them† (NIV).3 Every birth brings a new human being into a world that is growing more crowded with each passing day. Overpopulation and human growth pose biological, sociological, environmental and economic problems those scientists have struggled with for centuries. Many scientists

The Price that Comes with Diversity is Racism - 1048 Words

I pledge Allegiance to the flag of the United States of America and to the Republic for which it stands, one nation Under God, indivisible, with Liberty and Justice for all. Everyday of our pre-college educational lives, we stand and recite this pledge as a routine instead of an actual pledge. We go through school not knowing the actual meaning and not caring if we did. But for some people, the pledge is a forbidden text, not to be said through their lips even if forced for they feel the pledge has taken on a different fate. Instead of being a secular oath, it instead has become a religious prayer to God. Many have fought against the pledge, wanting change for their atheistic children. Many have been bashed for reciting it but in a way close to home, like saying it in a different language or adding in their ethnical god. Over the years, the phrase Under God ¨ has been put through a lot of controversy; Atheists and Agnostics have attacked it while Christian and Jew Americans have defended it, showing Under God is important in the Pledge of Allegiance. Diversity. Something the United States is acclaimed for. The price that comes with diversity is racism. Not just towards African Americans and Hispanics but also to other minorities. Minorities like the Arabs. To the variety of Arabs (Christian, Jew, Muslim, etc.), a lot of terrorist-related slurs have been thrown at them for doing something accustom to then; Saying Allah instead of God. This has earned a U.S. high school aShow MoreRelatedEth/125 Final Assignment Write a 1,050- to 1,750-Word Paper That Answers the Following Questions: †¢ What Information About Diversity in the United States Has Helped You Better Understand or Relate to Others in Ways That1619 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Ethics/125 Final Assignment† The information that I have learned about diversity in the United States of America has helped me better understand and relate to others in many ways. The United States of America is a giant melting pot of several different races, ethnicities, and cultures. What I have learned is that each group has their differences and similarities. With these differences in culture they have taught me how to be tolerant and accepting of them no matter how different from me theyRead MoreMedia Stereotyping1346 Words   |  6 Pagesways does the media perpetuate stereotyping and prejudice? Provide examples to support your assertion. * In what ways does the media help foster appreciation for diversity? Provide examples to support your assertion. * How might individuals and the United States work together to reduce prejudice and increase appreciation for diversity? * How might you change your own behaviors to be more inclusive and pluralistic? | Day 7 | 10 | ------------------------------------------------- *Read More Blacks and the Media Essay example1264 Words   |  6 PagesRacism and discrimination continue to be a prevalent problem in American society. Although minorities have made significant strides toward autonomy and equality, the images in media, specifically television, continue to misrepresent and manipulate the public opinion of blacks. It is no longer a blatant practice upheld by the law and celebrated with hangings and beatings, but instead it is a subtle practice that is perceived in the entertainment and media industries. Whether it’s appearing in disparagingRead MoreUnity and Diversity1694 Words   |  7 PagesOsman M. Ward Writing 140/ IR 100 December 7, 2007 Unity and Diversity: Finding the Proper Balance Unity and diversity are both qualities to be desired within society. Both, when balanced with one another, provide for the strongest form of society in which all are unified under some ideas, but differences are tolerated and accepted. One of the strongest factors of determining the present status of unity and diversity is the current state of affairs within a community. The current stateRead More Affirmative Action and Racial Tension Essay1691 Words   |  7 Pagesadmissions and in the workplace. Society needed an active law that enforced equality during a period when civil rights bills were only effective in ink. With so much of America ¹s work force spawned from integrated schools now, some may question whether racism really is the problem anymore, and many college students might answer yes. They see it on college campuses today, and they are not sure why. Subconscious prejudices, self-segregation, political correctness, reverse discrimination, and ignoranceRead MoreCultural Diversity Reflection Paper1794 Words   |  8 PagesIntroduction Wikipedia defines cultural diversity as, â€Å"the quality of diverse or diverse cultures†¦ The phrase cultural diversity can also refer to having different cultures respect each other’s differences.† It is important to understand the importance of cultural diversity. Our country, jobs, and schools have a variety of cultures, races, and ethnic practices and groups. We should learn from one another, but first we must have a level of understanding about each other to be able to collaborateRead MoreMulticulturalism in the United States Essay examples1463 Words   |  6 PagesOpponents state that immigrants coming to the United States must always lose their previous culture from their country of origin, to be able to completely assimilate to and fully embrace American culture. As Norman Podhoretz explains, this is the price of immigration, a â€Å"brutal bargain† for the opportunity of a better life (Podhoretz). Multiculturalism has led to a movement of anti-a ssimilation, which many Americans feel is in severe contrast to the true concept of their nation. As the sizes of immigrantRead MoreThe World As The Global Business1493 Words   |  6 Pagesan environment that constantly changes an organization needs to embrace diversity, this provides a bigger range of ideas, emotions, new perspective and a new direction into the future. These ideas are based on a bigger demographic population in a workplace, a company or a business that represents the same diversity, as society tends to survive the trends of our social economy. According to the Webster’s dictionary â€Å"Diversity† is defined as the state of having people who are different races or whoRead MoreGlobalization Has Made An Influence On Multiculturalism940 Words   |  4 Pagesto describe one way of approaching cultural diversity within a society. (Chegg.com, 2015). Globalization and the interconnectivity of different countries has made for a more multicultural society in that different cultures can share their traits and traditions with each other in terms of different kinds of foods for example. In Britain today we have a vast array of different kinds of foods such as French, Thai, Italian, Mexican and Arabic - which come from all around the world giving us more choiceRead MoreCharacteristics Paper1273 Words   |  6 Pagesspecifically, the first twenty Africans were brought to the United States in 1619. There were the first of ten thousand Africans that were brought during the 17th century. Since then the African American history is filled with the people being subjected to racism and other forms of torture. The African Americans that were brought in the United States were brought to the United States to serve as slaves to the non-colored, rich Americans of that time. Throughout the time, the African Americans were subjected

Hodgkins Disease Essay Example For Students

Hodgkins Disease Essay Hodgkins DiseaseHodgkin’s Disease Cancers arising from the lymph nodes or other sites of lymphoid tissue are broadly termed lymphomas. This group of diseases is divided into Hodgkin’s disease and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. In both conditions, there is a replacement of normal lymphatic tissue by collections of abnormal lymphoma cells. The lymphatic system are a complex network of specialised cells and organs that defend the body against infection. Lymphatic organs include the bone marrow, spleen, thymus gland, lymph nodes, tonsils, adenoids, appendix and clumps of tissue in the small bowel. A function of the lymphatic system is to nurture and mature the B and T-lymphocytes (white blood cells vital to immune function). Cancerous changes can take place when mutation leads to failure of the cells maturing of the lymphoid cells. Lymphomas are regarded as cancers of lymphocytes. The process which lymphoma occurs consists of a series of events where normal lymphocyte cells cease to mature and develop in an orderly fashion. The genetic make-up of the lymphocyte is altered, resulting in the formation of altered lymph tissue (tumours) or altered lymphocyte secretions. Typically, patients present with a painless swelling of lymph node, with or without fever and night sweats and weight loss. How Hodgkin’s Is Caused. The exact cause ofisn’t known. However, different of how it is caused. 1. VirusesThe Epstein-Barr virus is a herpes virus that causes infectious mononucleosis (also known as glandular fever). Epstein-Barr virus genes have been identified in tissue samples of approximately 20-50% of individuals with Hodgkin’s disease. However, it is yet to be established whether the Epstein-Barr virus can cause Hodgkin’s disease. The most of people who develop glandular fever will not develop Hodgkin’s disease. 2. GeneticsHodgkin’s disease is associated with a number of rare immune disorders. Chronic inflammatory disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematous have also been associated with Hodgkin’s disease. Further, the recipients of heart, kidney and other organ transplant have been found to be at an increased risk of developing the illness. There is some evidence suggesting that first degree relatives of individuals with Hodgkin’s disease is at a small, but increased risk of developing the disease. However, Hodgkin’s disease is not directly heritable. Involved nodes in the neck, groin and armpits tend to be painless, firm, and rubbery. In some instances, the nodes may spontaneously increase and decrease in size. Because Hodgkin’s disease is associated with a defect in the maturation of the lymphocyte, the immune system may be impaired. As such repeated infections may occur. SymptomsThe symptoms of Hodgkin’s disease frequen tly depend upon the stage of disease. Staging defines the extent to which the disease has spread throughout the body. Moreover, it often determines which treatment(s) will be required. Hodkins has 4 distinct stages of Hodgkin’s disease, these being stages 1-4. Each stage is further defined as exhibiting either A or B symptoms. These symptoms refer to either the absence of A or presence of B unexplained weight loss in the preceding 6 months, fever greater than 38?C, and or night sweats. Tumour suppressor genes: In health this family of genes usually act as a counter balance for oncogenesis. It is thought that they may be responsible for repairing gene damage in cells, or are growth inhibitor genes. In Hodgkin’s disease, there are often evidences of mutation in tumour suppressor genes as well as other genes. Stage 1. Stage 1 Hodgkin’s disease affects a single lymph node or lymph node region. The lymph nodes most commonly affected are the nodes in the neck, armpits or groin. Stage 2. Stage 2 disease is associated with lymph node involvement in 2 or more regions. However, the nodes must be involved in only one side of the diaphragm. The diaphragm is a muscle lying beneath the lungs. It moves up and down allowing air to move in and out of the lungs. .u9975f7a1a1bb048e9cecae2fca9285cd , .u9975f7a1a1bb048e9cecae2fca9285cd .postImageUrl , .u9975f7a1a1bb048e9cecae2fca9285cd .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u9975f7a1a1bb048e9cecae2fca9285cd , .u9975f7a1a1bb048e9cecae2fca9285cd:hover , .u9975f7a1a1bb048e9cecae2fca9285cd:visited , .u9975f7a1a1bb048e9cecae2fca9285cd:active { border:0!important; } .u9975f7a1a1bb048e9cecae2fca9285cd .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u9975f7a1a1bb048e9cecae2fca9285cd { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u9975f7a1a1bb048e9cecae2fca9285cd:active , .u9975f7a1a1bb048e9cecae2fca9285cd:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u9975f7a1a1bb048e9cecae2fca9285cd .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u9975f7a1a1bb048e9cecae2fca9285cd .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u9975f7a1a1bb048e9cecae2fca9285cd .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u9975f7a1a1bb048e9cecae2fca9285cd .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u9975f7a1a1bb048e9cecae2fca9285cd:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u9975f7a1a1bb048e9cecae2fca9285cd .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u9975f7a1a1bb048e9cecae2fca9285cd .u9975f7a1a1bb048e9cecae2fca9285cd-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u9975f7a1a1bb048e9cecae2fca9285cd:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Comparison Contrast of the Teotihucans and the Sumerians EssayStage 3. Stage 3 disease is associated with lymphoma involvement on both sides of the diaphragm. The spleen is frequently involved at this stage. If the spleen is involved the abdomen may become tender or enlarged, with or without symptoms of abdominal fullness and distension. Stage 4. When Hodgkin’s disease enters stage 4, disease can spread through the body to area outside of the lymphatic system. Disease may be present in the liver, bone marrow, gastrointestinal tract, lungs, brain or skin. Spread of disease into these organs can inhibit organ function, leading to organ failure. If Hodgkin’s dis ease spreads to the bones, the bones may become weak and brittle. And the lymph nodes in the centre of the chest may be enlarged causing obstruction of the superior venacava vein. This can result in the accumulation of fluid in the region of the chest causing severe swelling and breathing difficulties. Futhermore spread to the lungs may cause airway obstruction resulting in shortness of breath and/or a persistent cough. If swollen nodes cause compression of the oesophagus, swallowing and eating may become difficult. If Hodgkin’s disease spread to bone marrow, the production of blood cells may be inhibited. This may result in anaemia. TreatmentChemotherapyChemotherapy is the treatment of choice for individuals with stage 3 or 4 disease. Chemotherapy may be recommended in Stage 1 and 2 disease if b-type symptoms are present, or the tumours are large. Depending on the stage of disease, radiotherapy may be used in conjunction with chemotherapy to maximise cancer cell death. There are many different chemotherapy regimes used to treat Hodgkin’s disease. RadiotherapyRadiotherapy is conventionally the treatment of choice for early stage disease. Radiotherapy is targeted towards those areas affected by Hodgkins disease. Furthermore, areas adjacent to the affected lymph nodes may be treated. This ensures that cancer cell that have spread to other areas are also killed. More advanced stages of disease are frequently treated with a combination of radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Similarly Stages 1 and 2 with B-type symptoms may require combination treatment. Radiotherapy also has a role in the treatment of bulky tumours or painful lesions affecting the bones or skin surfaces. DiagnosisHodgkin’s disease might first be suspected when a swollen lymph node fails to subside. At this point a doctor will perform a physical examination. During the examination, he or he may ask you questions regarding recent or previous illness. The doctor may wish to listen to the heart and lungs to judge their performance and assess for signs of infection. Palpation of the abdomen and lymph nodes can determine if the organs or lymph nodes larger than normal. The doctor may inspect the mouth and skin surfaces for signs of infection. Following this a number of tests may be ordered. A Lymph Node Biopsy is performed to identify the malignant Reed-Sternberg cells characteristic of Hodgkin’s disease. A lymph node biopsy is performed, during which a sample of tissue is removed from the swollen lymph gland and examined under the microscope. More than one biopsy is needed because biopsies do not always detect cancerous cells. In addition to identifying Reed-Sternberg cells, the doctor will classify the Hodgkin’s disease into 4 distinct pathological groups depending on the cellular structure of the tissue. These 4 groups are called lymphocyte predominant, nodular sclerosis, mixed Cellularity and lymphocyte depleted. Each group has a different prognosis. Furthermore, each group may present with different signs and symptoms. ? Lymphocyte PredominantThis group accounts for approximately 5% of all cases. It is associated with the most promising prognosis. It is more common in males and often occurs in the younger age group. Patients usually present with stage 1 or 2 disease and rarely suffer from B-type symptoms. ? Nodular SclerosisThis group accounts for approximately 50% of all cases and is associated with a good prognosis. It is more common in females and regularly occurs in the 15-35 year age group. Patients usually present with stage 1 or 2 disease and rarely suffer from B-type symptoms. .u7bc60a431204a999a7c9dd5d41aab3c9 , .u7bc60a431204a999a7c9dd5d41aab3c9 .postImageUrl , .u7bc60a431204a999a7c9dd5d41aab3c9 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u7bc60a431204a999a7c9dd5d41aab3c9 , .u7bc60a431204a999a7c9dd5d41aab3c9:hover , .u7bc60a431204a999a7c9dd5d41aab3c9:visited , .u7bc60a431204a999a7c9dd5d41aab3c9:active { border:0!important; } .u7bc60a431204a999a7c9dd5d41aab3c9 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u7bc60a431204a999a7c9dd5d41aab3c9 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u7bc60a431204a999a7c9dd5d41aab3c9:active , .u7bc60a431204a999a7c9dd5d41aab3c9:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u7bc60a431204a999a7c9dd5d41aab3c9 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u7bc60a431204a999a7c9dd5d41aab3c9 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u7bc60a431204a999a7c9dd5d41aab3c9 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u7bc60a431204a999a7c9dd5d41aab3c9 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u7bc60a431204a999a7c9dd5d41aab3c9:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u7bc60a431204a999a7c9dd5d41aab3c9 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u7bc60a431204a999a7c9dd5d41aab3c9 .u7bc60a431204a999a7c9dd5d41aab3c9-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u7bc60a431204a999a7c9dd5d41aab3c9:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Moment that Changed My Life Essay? Mixed CellularityThis group accounts for approximately 40% of all cases. It is associated with an intermediate prognosis. It is more common in males and is seen in the 30-40 year age group. Patients often present with stage 3 or 4 disease, the majority of which suffer from B-type symptoms. Disease is frequently found to have spread throughout the abdomen. ? Lymphocyte Depleted This group accounts for approximately 5% of all cases. It is associated with the worse prognosis. It is most commonly seen in elderly males. Patients typically present with advanced staged disease and B-type symptoms. Lymphocyte depleted Hodgkin’s disease closely resembles non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Anatomy and Physiology